
Mars has long been a repository for such extraterrestrial imaginings. Boston placed microbes and radishes, pumped down the pressure and made the air mixture Martian, fashioning a fake fourth planet from the sun populated by squirming organisms and vegetables.

Boston had read about Carl Sagan’s use of Mars Jars and had assumed, as many did, that he’d invented them.

When Penelope Boston was a student at the University of Colorado in the 1980s, she wanted to create a miniature Mars and see how some living things fared on it.įundless, she amassed parts from labs around campus and bootstrapped a basic version of what scientists sometimes call a Mars Jar: a sealed container whose insides resemble the red planet, used to test the survival of biological beings.
